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Figure d. Since element 1 is still highlighted, click anywhere in the drawing area to un-highlight it. The model will now look as shown below.
Let us follow the same Translational Repeat method to create these elements. Select all the three existing plates by rubber-banding around them using the mouse.
Make sure that before you do this, the cursor type is the Plates Cursor , else, no plates will be selected. Leave all the other boxes unchecked. All the 6 elements are now created. Since some of the plates are still highlighted, click anywhere in the drawing area to un-highlight them. Our model will now look like the one shown below. A surface entity such as a slab or wall, which can be defined using 3-noded or 4-noded plate elements, is one such prototype.
We can also create our own library of structure prototypes. From this wizard, a structural model may parametrically be generated, and can then be incorporated into our main structure. Structure Wizard can hence be thought of as a store from where one can fetch various components and assemble a complete structure.
The Structure Wizard window opens up as shown below. The unit of length should be specified prior to the generation of a model. A dialog by the name Select Meshing Parameters comes up. In this box, we specify, among other things, two main pieces of information - a the dimensions of the boundary or superelement as it is commonly known from which the individual elements are generated b the number of individual elements that must be generated. Let us provide the Corners, the Bias, and the Divisions of the model as shown in the figure below.
Then, click Apply. Pro Model as shown below. When the following message box comes up, let us confirm our transfer by clicking on the Yes button. Figure The dialog shown in the next figure comes up.
If we had an existing structure in the main window, in this dialog, we will be able to provide the co-ordinates of a node of the structure in the main window to which we want to connect the piece being brought from the wizard. In our case, since we do not have an existing structure in the main window, nor do we wish to shift the unit by any amount, let us simply click OK. The model will now be transferred to the main window. Pro GUI contains a facility for generating a mesh of elements from a boundary or superelement defined by a set of corner nodes.
This facility is in addition to the one we saw in Method 3. The boundary has to form a closed surface and has to be a plane, though that plane can be inclined to any of the global planes. The first step in defining the boundary is selecting the corner nodes. If these nodes do not exist, they must be created before they can be selected. Pro , the amount of screen space occupied by a number of toolbar icons has been recovered by collapsing a number of similar icons into a single icon.
The active icon can be changed by holding down the left mouse button when clicking on the button. Icons that have this property are identified with a black triangle in their lower right corner. We have already seen this dialog in methods 1 and 2. As before, click Create. The Linear dialog opens. All that we are interested in is the 4 corner nodes of the super-element. So, let us set 1 as the number of lines to the right of the origin along X and Z, and a spacing of 6m between lines along X and 4m along Z.
Those four points represent the four corners of our slab and are 0, 0, 0 , 6, 0, 0 , 6, 0, 4 , and 0, 0, 4. In fact, keeping the Ctrl key pressed and clicking at points on the grid successively, is a way of creating new nodes without connecting those nodes with beams or plates.
It is worth noting that the purpose of the previous four steps was to merely create the four nodes. Consequently, any of the several methods available in the program could have been used to create those nodes.
Select the points which form the boundary of the superelement from which the individual elements will be created. The four points we just created are those four points. So, let us click at the four node points in succession as shown below. Lastly, close the loop by clicking at the start node or the first clicked point again. Select the Quadrilateral Meshing option and click OK. The Select Meshing Parameters dialog as we saw earlier in Method 3 , comes up.
Notice that this time however, the data for the four corners is automatically filled in. The program used the coordinates of the four nodes we selected to define A, B, C, and D. Provide the Bias and the Divisions of the model as shown in the figure below. Click Apply. Press the ESC key to exit the mesh generating mode. The property required for plates is the plate thickness or the thickness at each node of elements if the slab has a varying thickness.
Click Thickness…. The dialog shown below comes up. Let us provide the plate thickness as 30cm. Notice that the field called Material is presently on the checked mode. To see those default values, click Materials in the dialog shown in the previous figure. Since we want to assign just the default values, let us keep the Material box in the checked mode itself. Then, click Add followed by the Close button as shown below.
Since we want the thickness to be applied to all elements of the structure, let us select the Assignment Method called Assign to View and then click Assign as shown in the above figure. The following message dialog opens. Click the Yes button to confirm. Click anywhere in the drawing area to un-highlight the selected entities. We do this only as a safety precaution. When an entity is highlighted, clicking on any Assign option is liable to cause an undesired attribute to be assigned to that entity.
However, when modeled as plate elements, the supports can be specified only at the nodes along those edges, and not at any point between the nodes. It hence becomes apparent that if one is keen on better modelling the edge conditions, the slab would have to be modeled using a larger number of elements.
To create supports, select the Support Page tool located in the Structure Tools toolbar as shown below. Figure Alternatively, one may go to the General Support page from the left side of the screen.
For easy identification of the nodes where we wish to place the supports, toggle the display of the Node Numbers on. Since we already know that nodes 1, 2, 5, 7, 4 and 10 are to be associated with the Fixed support, using the Nodes Cursor , select these nodes. The Fixed tab happens to be the default which is convenient for this case. Click Assign as shown below. Had we not selected the nodes before reaching this point, this option would not have been active. Details of these load cases are available at the beginning of this tutorial.
To create loads, select the Load Page tool located on the Structure Tools tool bar. Notice that the pressure load value listed in the beginning of this tutorial is in KN and meter units.
Rather than convert that value to the current input units, we will conform to those units. We have to change the force unit to Kilogram and the length units to Meter. In the Set Current input Units dialog that comes up, specify the length units as Meter and the force units as Kilogram.
To initiate the first load case, highlight Load Case Details and click Add. Figure The newly created load case will now appear under the Load Cases Details in the Load dialog. To generate and assign the first load type, select 1: Dead Load. The negative number signifies that the selfweight load acts opposite to the positive direction of the global axis Y in this case along which it is applied.
Next, let us initiate the creation of the second load case which is a pressure load on the elements. To do this, highlight Load Case Details In the Add New Load Cases dialog, once again, we are not associating the load case we are about to create with any code based Loading Type and so, leave that box as None.
Figure 8. The Concentrated Load is for applying a concentrated force on the element. The Trapezoidal and Hydrostatic options are for defining pressures with intensities varying from one point to another. Since the pressure load is to be applied on all the elements of the model, the easiest way to do that is to set the Assignment Method to Assign to View. Then, click Assign in the Load dialog as shown below.
Figure Next, let us create the third load case which is a temperature load. The initiation of a new load case is best done using the procedure explained in step 7. In the dialog that comes up, let us specify the Title of the third load case as Temperature Load and click Add. To generate and assign the third load type, as before, select 3: Temperature Load.
Temperature Loads are created from the input screens available under the Temperature option in the Add New Load Items dialog. To initiate and define load case 4 as a load combination, once again, highlight the Load Case Details option. Repeat this with load case 2 also. Load cases 1 and 2 will appear in the right side list box as shown in the figure below. These data indicate that we are adding the two load cases with a multiplication factor of 1.
Finally, click Add. Next, repeat step 2 except for selecting load cases 1 and 3 instead of cases 1 and 2. Figure Thus, load is also created. If we change our mind about the composition of any existing combination case, we can select the case we want to alter, and make the necessary changes in terms of the constituent cases or their factors.
Let us exit this dialog by clicking on the Close button. It is also worth noting that as load cases are created, a facility for quickly switching between the various cases becomes available at the top of the screen in the form of a load case selection box as shown below.
Figure We have now completed the task of creating all load cases. We will also obtain a static equilibrium report. Select the Perform Analysis tab. Note: In response to this option, a report consisting of the summary of applied loading and summary of support reactions, for each load case, will be produced in the STAAD output file.
See section 3. The Analysis dialog in the data area with the newly added instruction will look as shown below. The former consists of stresses and moments per unit width, as explained in sections 1. The latter consists of the 3 forces and 3 moments at each node of the elements in the global axis system see section 3. We would like to obtain both these results. We will also set the units in which these results are printed to KN and Meter for element stresses and Kg and Meter for element forces.
Set the length and force units to Meter and Kilonewton respectively. See "3. Set the length and force units to Meterand Kilogram respectively. Then, repeat steps 2 and 3. At this point, the Post Analysis Print dialog will look as shown below. Then, using the Plates Cursor , click on element no.
We have now completed the tasks of assigning the input for this model. As we have seen in the previous tutorials, while the model is being created graphically, a corresponding set of commands describing that aspect of the model is being simultaneously written into a command file which is a simple text file. Instead of using the graphical methods explained in the previous sections, we could have created the entire model by typing these specific commands into the editor.
This was one of the methods mentioned in section 3. If you want to skip that part, proceed to section 3. Pro command file editor offers the advantage of syntax checking as we type the commands.
Next, follow step 1 of Section 3. For example, node 6 has X, Y, Z coordinates of 4, 0, 2. For example, element 3 is defined as connected between the nodes 5, 7, 8 and 6. Element properties are then provided by specifying that the elements are 30 cm thick.
Prior to this, the input units are changed to Meter and KN. This will cause all 6 degrees of freedom at these nodes to be restrained. Load case 1 is then initiated along with an accompanying title. The negative sign indicates that the load acts opposite to the positive direction of global Y. All the 6 elements are subjected to a in-plane temperature increase of 40 degrees and a temperature variation across the thickness of 30 degrees.
Load cases 1 and 2 are individually factored by a value of 1. Load cases 1 and 3 are individually factored by a value of 1. If the pass-fail status of the members and elements per the requirements of steel and concrete codes is to be determined, that involves a process called design. Figure If the structure has not been saved after the last change was made, you should save the structure first by using the Save command from the File menu.
Figure These options are indicative of what will happen after we click Done. Section 3. This file has the extension. In Sections 3. Let us examine those results. STD 3. ALPHA 1. The extensive facilities of the Post-processing mode can then be used to 1.
Node results such as displacements and support reactions are available for all models. The methods explained in the first two tutorials — see sections 2. If beams are present in the model, beam results will be available too see sections 2. For this example, we will look at the support reactions. We do not have any beams in our model, so no results will be available for this type of entity. There are several different methods for viewing these results, as explained in the next few sections.
The Tables dialog opens. The Plate Center Stress table opens. The individual values for each plate for each selected load case are displayed. Principal and Von Mises These terms too are explained in Section 1.
The individual values for each plate for each selected load case are displayed, for the top and bottom surfaces of the elements. Summary This tab contains the maximum for each of the 8 values listed in the Principal and Von Mises tab. Global Moments This tab provides the moments about the global X, Y and Z axes at the center of each element. Select the Force Units tab and specify the required unit from the Stress and Moment fields. Click Apply for the changes to take effect immediately.
Once you are sure that you have chosen the proper unit combination, click OK. The tables hence contain results for all the load cases. Used the following procedure to change that load list. The selected load cases are transferred from the Available list to the Selected list 3.
There are 2 ways to switch on stress contour plots: 1. The Diagrams dialog opens Figure 2. From the Stress type field, select the specific type of stress for which you want the contour drawn. From the Load Case selection box, select the load case number. Stress values are known exactly only at the plate centroid locations. Everywhere else, they are calculated by linear interpolation between the center point stress values of adjacent plates.
The Enhanced type contour chooses a larger number of points compared to the Normal type contour in determining the stress variation. View Stress Index will display a small table consisting of the numerical range of values from smallest to largest which are represented in the plot. We can keep changing the settings and click on Apply to see all the various possible results in the above facility. Let us keep the dialog open to examine the feature Animation explained in the next section.
If some portion of the structure appears truncated, we can bring that portion into view by choosing one of the following methods: a. Select the Zoom Outtool to shrink the size of the region drawn. Figure Before and After using the Zoom tool b. Select the Pan tool to shift the position of the structure away from the index.
After making the choices as explained in that section, click on the Animation tab of the Diagrams dialog. Select the Stress option and then click Apply. To stop the animation, select the No Animation option and click Apply again. Presently, this facility is available in STAAD for node deflection, beam section displacement, mode shape and plate stress contour diagrams. These files can then be viewed using video player programs such as the Windows Media Player.
The number of frames that comprise such a movement is controlled by specifying a value for Total No. The rest of the options in the above dialog are for the type of diagram from which the video file is to be created. Certain items such as Mode Shape and Plate Stress contour do not become active remain grayed out if the required data of that type are not present in the STAAD file, such as a modal extraction, or finite elements.
After making the appropriate selections, click OK. A dialog opens to specify the filename. Provide a filename and location for the video file and click OK. The Video Compression dialog opens. Select a compression option and set the Quality value.
Click OK to begin creating the video file. When the file has been generated, a message indicating that the operation was successful opens. Click OK to dismiss. The file with the extension. Let us explore this facility for element 4. Select the Plate Cursor tool. The Plate dialog opens. The various tabs of the query box enable one to view various types of information such as the plate geometry, property constants, stresses, etc. Some example tabs of this dialog are shown in the following figures.
Let us produce a report consisting of the plate principal stresses, for all plates, sorted in the order from Low to High of the Principal Maximum Stress SMAX for load cases and Select all the plates using the Plates Cursor. The Plate Forces dialog opens. Select the Loading tab. Optional If you wish to save this report for future use, select the Report tab, provide a title for the report, and set the Save ID check box. To print this table, right-click anywhere within the table and select Print from the pop-up menu.
Select the print option to get a hardcopy of the report. To transfer the contents of this table to a Microsoft Excel file 1. Click at the top left corner of the table with the left mouse button. The entire table will become highlighted.
Right click and select Copy from the pop-up menu. Open an Excel worksheet, click at the desired cell and Paste the contents. Select the Node Reactions page on the left side of the screen. Figure The six values — namely, the three forces along global X, Y and Z, and the three moments Mx, My and Mz, in the global axis system — are displayed in a box for each support node. Display of one or more of the six terms of each support node may be toggled off in the following manner.
Select the Reactions tab. Click Annotate and then Close. The drawing will now contain only the remaining 4 terms see figure below. Figure For better clarity in viewing the results in the drawing area and for reducing the clutter on the screen , a variety of methods are available.
For example, keep the mouse pressed on top of Zoom In button, and watch the drawing get progressively bigger. Use the Pan button to physically shift the drawing around. Other options like Dynamic Zoom and Zoom Window buttons may also be used. To restore the original view, click Display Whole Structure. Figure This table can also be displayed from any mode by clicking on the View menu, choosing Tables, and switching on Support Reactions.
The method explained in section 3. The summary tab contains the maximum value for each of the 6 degrees of freedom along with the load case number responsible for it. Figure This brings us to the conclusion of this tutorial. Additional help on using plates is available in Examples 9, 10 and 18 in the Examples Manual. Then, click on the nodes you wish to select. To Nodes Cursor select multiple nodes, hold down the Control key while selecting, or create a rubber- band style window around the desired nodes.
Then, click on the members you wish to select. Beams Cursor To select multiple members, hold down the Control key while selecting, or create a rubber-band style window around the desired beams. Cursor plates graphically Then, click on the plates you wish to select. To select multiple plates, hold down Plates Cursor the Control key while selecting, or create a rubber- band style window around the desired plates.
Then, click on the surface you wish to select. To Surface select multiple surfaces, hold Cursor down the Control key while selecting, or create a rubber- band style window around the desired surfaces.
Cursor solids graphically Then, click on the solids you wish to select. To select multiple solids, hold down Solids Cursor the Control key while selecting, or create a rubber- band style window around the desired solids. Then, click on the graphically. It is a entity you wish to select. To Geometry mechanism for select multiple entities, hold Cursor selecting nodes, down the Control key while beams, plates and selecting, or create a rubber- solids, or, any band style window around combination of the desired entities.
Then, double-click component of an on the diagram of the load existing load case component you wish to edit. Mofo said on February 18, at pm. Wanted you all to know I created two userscripts to assist in this process: 1. Advertisement said on February 17, at pm.
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In most cases, the latest updates will be installed automatically using Windows Update. Temporarily turn off your antivirus program. Some antivirus software might interfere with the installation. After you install Windows 8. The Store is no longer open for Windows 8, so you'll need to download Windows 8. Go to the Windows 8. Select Confirm and follow the remaining prompts to begin the download. The update will download and install in the background while you use your PC to do other things.
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